THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA IS SUPREME LAW OF INDIA.IT IS LONGEST WRITTEN CONSTITUTION IN THE WORLD CONTAINING MORE THAN 400 ARTICLES IN 22 PARTS, 12 SCHEDULES AND 97 AMENDMENTS.THE CONSTITUTION FOLLOWS PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT AND EXECUTIVE IS DIRECTLY RESPONSIBLE TO LEGISLATURE.
TO ENSURE CONSTITUTIONAL AUTOCHTHONY THE FRAMERS OF CONSTITUTION INSERTED ARTICLE 395 IN THE CONSTITUTION AND BY THIS ARTICLE THE INDIAN INDEPENDENCE ACT 1947 WAS REPEALED.
THE CONSTITUTION DECLARES INDIA TO BA A SOVEREIGN ,SOCIALIST, SECULAR, DEMOCRATIC, REPUBLIC ASSURING ITS CITIZENS JUSTICE,EQUALITY AND LIBERTY AND ENDEAVORS TO PROMOTE FRATERNITY AMONG THEM.THE WORD SOCIALIST AND SECULAR WERE ADDED TO THE THE PREAMBLE IN 1976 BY CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT. INDIA CELEBRATES THE ADOPTION OF CONSTITUTION ON 26 JANUARY EACH YEAR AS REPUBLIC DAY.
BACKGROUND
THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY MET FOR FIRST TIME IN NEW DELHI ON 9 DECEMBER 1946 IN THE CONSTITUTION HALL WHICH IS NOW KNOWN AS THE CENTRAL HALL OF PARLIAMENT HOUSE.
DR.SACCHIDANAND SINHA WAS TEMPORARY CHAIRMAN OF THE ASSEMBLY.LATER DR. RAJENDRA PRASAD WAS ELECTED AS CHAIRMAN OF CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY.
ON AUGUST 1947 CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY SET UP A DRAFTING COMMITTEE UNDER THE CHAIRMANSHIP OF DR.B.R.AMBEDKAR TO PREPARE DRAFT CONSTITUTION FOR INDIA.WHILE DELIBERATING UPON THE DRAFT CONSTITUTION THE ASSEMBLY MOVED ,DISCUSSED AND DISPOSED OF AS MANY AS 2,473 AMENDMENTS OUT OF A TOTAL OF 7,635 TABLED.
THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY TOOK 2 YEARS 11 MONTHS AND 17 DAYS TO FRAME CONSTITUTION.
THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA WAS ADOPTED ON 26 NOVEMBER 1949 AND HONORABLE MEMBERS APPENDED THEIR SIGNATURE TO IT ON 24 JANUARY 1950.IN ALL,284 MEMBERS ACTUALLY SIGNED THE CONSTITUTION.
THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA CAME INTO FORCE ON 26 JANUARY 1950. ON THAT DAY THE ASSEMBLY CEASED TO EXIST , TRANSFORMING ITSELF INTO THE PROVISIONAL PARLIAMENT OF INDIA UNTIL A NEW PARLIAMENT WAS CONSTITUTED IN 1952 SESSIONS OF THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY
1 st SESSION-------------------9-23 DECEMBER 1946
2 nd SESSION------------------20-25 JANUARY 1947
3 rd SESSION------------------28 APRIL-2 MAY 1947
4 th SESSION------------------14-31 JULY 1947
5 th SESSION------------------14-30 AUGUST 1947
6 th SESSION------------------27 JANUARY 1947
7 th SESSION------------------ 4 NOVEMBER 1948-8 JANUARY 1949
8 th SESSION------------------16 MAY-16 JUNE 1949
9 th SESSION------------------30 JULY-18 SEPTEMBER 1949
10 th SESSION-----------------6-17 OCTOBER 1949
11 th SESSION-----------------14-26 NOVEMBER 1949
THE ASSEMBLY MET ONCE AGAIN ON 24 JANUARY 1950 WHEN THE MEMBERS APPENDED THEIR SIGNATURES TO THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA.
IMPORTANT COMMITTEES OF THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY AND THEIR CHAIRMAN
NAME OF THE COMMITTEE------------------------------------CHAIRMAN
1)COMMITTEE ON THE RULES-----------------------------RAJENDRA PRASAD
OF PROCEDURE
2)STEERING COMMITTEE-----------------------------------RAJENDRA PRASAD
3)FINANCE AND STAFF-------------------------------------RAJENDRA PRASAD
COMMITTEE
4)CREDENTIAL COMMITTEE--------------------------------ALLADI KRISHNA SWAMI AYYAR
5)HOUSE COMMITTEE---------------------------------------SITARAMAYYA
6)ORDER OF BUSINESS COMMITTEE----------------------K. M. MUNSHI
7)AD-HOC COMMITTEE ON THE---------------------------RAJENDRA PRASAD
NATIONAL FLAG
8)COMMITTEE ON THE FUNCTIONS-----------------------G. V. MALVANKAR
OF THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY
9)STATES COMMITTEE----------------------------------------JAWAHARLAL NEHRU
10)ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON------------------------------VALLABHBHAI PATEL
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS,MINORITIES AND
TRIBAL AND EXCLUDED AREA
11)MINORITIES SUBCOMMITTEE------------------------------H.C.MUKHARJEE
12)FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS SUB COMMITTEE---------------J.B.KRIPALANI
13)NORTH-EAST FRONTIER TRIBAL AREAS------------------GOPINATH BARDOLOI
AND ASSAM EXCLUDED AND PARTIALLY
EXCLUDED AREAS SUB COMMITTEE
14)EXCLUDED AND PARTIALLY EXCLUDED------------------A.V. THAKKAR
AREAS (OTHER THAN THOSE IN ASSAM)
SUBCOMMITTEE
15)UNION POWERS COMMITTEE-------------------------------JAWAHARLAL NEHRU
16)UNION CONSTITUTION COMMITTEE-----------------------JAWAHARLAL NEHRU
17)DRAFTING COMMITTEE---------------------------------------DR. B.R. AMBEDKAR
THE CONSTITUTION DECLARES INDIA TO BA A SOVEREIGN ,SOCIALIST, SECULAR, DEMOCRATIC, REPUBLIC ASSURING ITS CITIZENS JUSTICE,EQUALITY AND LIBERTY AND ENDEAVORS TO PROMOTE FRATERNITY AMONG THEM.THE WORD SOCIALIST AND SECULAR WERE ADDED TO THE THE PREAMBLE IN 1976 BY CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT. INDIA CELEBRATES THE ADOPTION OF CONSTITUTION ON 26 JANUARY EACH YEAR AS REPUBLIC DAY.
BACKGROUND
THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY MET FOR FIRST TIME IN NEW DELHI ON 9 DECEMBER 1946 IN THE CONSTITUTION HALL WHICH IS NOW KNOWN AS THE CENTRAL HALL OF PARLIAMENT HOUSE.
DR.SACCHIDANAND SINHA WAS TEMPORARY CHAIRMAN OF THE ASSEMBLY.LATER DR. RAJENDRA PRASAD WAS ELECTED AS CHAIRMAN OF CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY.
ON AUGUST 1947 CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY SET UP A DRAFTING COMMITTEE UNDER THE CHAIRMANSHIP OF DR.B.R.AMBEDKAR TO PREPARE DRAFT CONSTITUTION FOR INDIA.WHILE DELIBERATING UPON THE DRAFT CONSTITUTION THE ASSEMBLY MOVED ,DISCUSSED AND DISPOSED OF AS MANY AS 2,473 AMENDMENTS OUT OF A TOTAL OF 7,635 TABLED.
THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY TOOK 2 YEARS 11 MONTHS AND 17 DAYS TO FRAME CONSTITUTION.
THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA WAS ADOPTED ON 26 NOVEMBER 1949 AND HONORABLE MEMBERS APPENDED THEIR SIGNATURE TO IT ON 24 JANUARY 1950.IN ALL,284 MEMBERS ACTUALLY SIGNED THE CONSTITUTION.
THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA CAME INTO FORCE ON 26 JANUARY 1950. ON THAT DAY THE ASSEMBLY CEASED TO EXIST , TRANSFORMING ITSELF INTO THE PROVISIONAL PARLIAMENT OF INDIA UNTIL A NEW PARLIAMENT WAS CONSTITUTED IN 1952 SESSIONS OF THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY
1 st SESSION-------------------9-23 DECEMBER 1946
2 nd SESSION------------------20-25 JANUARY 1947
3 rd SESSION------------------28 APRIL-2 MAY 1947
4 th SESSION------------------14-31 JULY 1947
5 th SESSION------------------14-30 AUGUST 1947
6 th SESSION------------------27 JANUARY 1947
7 th SESSION------------------ 4 NOVEMBER 1948-8 JANUARY 1949
8 th SESSION------------------16 MAY-16 JUNE 1949
9 th SESSION------------------30 JULY-18 SEPTEMBER 1949
10 th SESSION-----------------6-17 OCTOBER 1949
11 th SESSION-----------------14-26 NOVEMBER 1949
THE ASSEMBLY MET ONCE AGAIN ON 24 JANUARY 1950 WHEN THE MEMBERS APPENDED THEIR SIGNATURES TO THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA.
IMPORTANT COMMITTEES OF THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY AND THEIR CHAIRMAN
NAME OF THE COMMITTEE------------------------------------CHAIRMAN
1)COMMITTEE ON THE RULES-----------------------------RAJENDRA PRASAD
OF PROCEDURE
2)STEERING COMMITTEE-----------------------------------RAJENDRA PRASAD
3)FINANCE AND STAFF-------------------------------------RAJENDRA PRASAD
COMMITTEE
4)CREDENTIAL COMMITTEE--------------------------------ALLADI KRISHNA SWAMI AYYAR
5)HOUSE COMMITTEE---------------------------------------SITARAMAYYA
6)ORDER OF BUSINESS COMMITTEE----------------------K. M. MUNSHI
7)AD-HOC COMMITTEE ON THE---------------------------RAJENDRA PRASAD
NATIONAL FLAG
8)COMMITTEE ON THE FUNCTIONS-----------------------G. V. MALVANKAR
OF THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY
9)STATES COMMITTEE----------------------------------------JAWAHARLAL NEHRU
10)ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON------------------------------VALLABHBHAI PATEL
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS,MINORITIES AND
TRIBAL AND EXCLUDED AREA
11)MINORITIES SUBCOMMITTEE------------------------------H.C.MUKHARJEE
12)FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS SUB COMMITTEE---------------J.B.KRIPALANI
13)NORTH-EAST FRONTIER TRIBAL AREAS------------------GOPINATH BARDOLOI
AND ASSAM EXCLUDED AND PARTIALLY
EXCLUDED AREAS SUB COMMITTEE
14)EXCLUDED AND PARTIALLY EXCLUDED------------------A.V. THAKKAR
AREAS (OTHER THAN THOSE IN ASSAM)
SUBCOMMITTEE
15)UNION POWERS COMMITTEE-------------------------------JAWAHARLAL NEHRU
16)UNION CONSTITUTION COMMITTEE-----------------------JAWAHARLAL NEHRU
17)DRAFTING COMMITTEE---------------------------------------DR. B.R. AMBEDKAR
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